What does the term "atherosclerosis" refer to?

The term "atherosclerosis" specifically refers to the build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, which leads to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries over time. The process of atherosclerosis can restrict blood flow and is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.

Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial because it emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy cholesterol levels and a proper diet to prevent plaque formation. The condition can also involve inflammatory processes, but the key defining feature is the plaque buildup within the arterial walls.

In contrast, the hardening of heart tissue refers to other conditions such as cardiac fibrosis rather than atherosclerosis, while the inflammation of blood vessels is a different process often associated with vascular disorders and does not specifically encapsulate the concept of atherosclerosis. The enlargement of coronary arteries is not typical; instead, atherosclerosis leads to their narrowing, which can decrease blood flow to the heart muscle.